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ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื•ื›ืชื‘ื•ืช

ืขืœ ื ืคืœืื•ืชื™ื• ืฉืœ Ge gen โ€“ ืงื•ื“ื–ื•

ืขื•ืœืžื ื”ืžื•ืคืœื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื!

ื›ืžื™ ืฉืกื‘ืœื” ืžืžื™ื’ืจื ื” ื—ืจื™ืคื” ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืœ ืžื‘ื—ืŸ ื‘ืฆืžื—ื™ื, ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืช ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืืœืคื™ื™ื, ืžืคืชื™ืข ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื•ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื.

ื›ื™ื•ื, ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืืœื™ ืœืงืœื™ื ื™ืงื” ืžืงื‘ืœ ืคื•ืจืžื•ืœืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืื• ื”ืžืœืฆื” ืœืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ื—ืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช, ืขืœ ืื—ืช ื›ืžื” ื•ื›ืžื” ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ืื” ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืคื ื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื“ื•ืจืฉื•ืช ื ื™ืงื•ื™, ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”.

ื‘ื›ืœ ืฆืžื— ื ื—ืฉืฃ ืœืคื ื™ื ื• ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœื ืฉืœ ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืช, ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ื“ืจื›ื™ ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.

ื ื•ืฉื ื”ื’ื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืคืขื ื”ื•ื ืงื™ืฅ ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืืช ืฆืžื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื–ื•- Ge gen.


ื–ื”ื• ืฆืžื— ืฉืœ ืงื™ืฅ. ืื•ื”ื‘ ื˜ืžืคืจื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื•ืช ื•ืฉื•ืจื“ ื‘ืžื–ื’ ืื•ื•ื™ืจ ื™ื‘ืฉ. ืคืจื™ื—ืชื• ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืœื™ ืœืกืคื˜ืžื‘ืจ.

ืฆืžื— ื™ืคื”ืคื”, ื”ืžื˜ืคืก ืœื’ื‘ื”ื™ื, ืžืžืฉืคื—ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื•ืช.

ืžืงื•ืจื• ื‘ืžื–ืจื— ืืกื™ื”. ืœืžืขืจื‘ ื”ื•ื‘ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข ื”ืžืื” ื”- 19 ื›ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืืŸ ื•ืžื ื™ืขืช ืกื—ืฃ ืฉืœ ืงืจืงืข, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื’ื“ื•ืช ื ื”ืจื•ืช.

ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืชืคืฉื˜ื•ืชื• ื•ืฆืžื™ื—ืชื• ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื—ืฉืคื• ื’ื ืืช ื”ื ื–ืงื™ื ืœื”ื ื”ื•ื ื’ื•ืจื ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื, ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืจืช ืืคืงื˜ ื”ื—ืžืžื” (ืขืงื‘ ืคืœื™ื˜ื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ืฉืœ ืคื—ืžืŸ ื“ื• ื—ืžืฆื ื™ ืžื”ืงืจืงืข ืขืœื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ืžื—).

ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื–ืืช, ืกื’ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื• ื”ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ืžื•ืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื–ื” ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื.

ื”ื•ื ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืฆืžื— ืžืงืจืจ ื•ืžืชื•ืง, ื”ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ืžืจื™ื“ื™ืื ื™ ื”ื˜ื—ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืงื™ื‘ื”.

ืžื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืช ื›ืฆืžื— ื”ืžืฉื—ืจืจ ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืคืœื’ ื’ื•ืฃ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ (ืืจื—ื™ื‘ ืขืœ ื›ืš ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš).

ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ื,ื•ื‘ืคืจื˜ ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื”ืคืš ืœื—ืœืง ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืคืจื“ ืžื”ืžื˜ื‘ื— ื”ืืกื™ื™ืชื™, ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ื’ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื‘. ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื™ื,ืฉื”ืื™ืจื• ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“ื–ื• ื‘ืื•ืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ื”ืขื ื™ืงื• ืœื• ืžืขืžื“ ืฉืœ ืžื–ื•ืŸ-ืขืœ. ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืš ืœืฆืžื— ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช, ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™ืช, ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ื”ื™ืคื ื™ืช ื•ื”ื ื˜ื•ืจื•ืคืชื™ื”.

ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืจืคื•ืื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช ื”ืงืœืืกื™ืช ืื• ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ืžื”ืจืคื•ืื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช, ืœื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื™ื, ืžืื•ื“ ืžืฉืžื— ืื•ืชื™, ืฉื›ืŸ ืืœื” ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื โ€œืืกืžื›ืชื โ€ ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืชืŸ ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืช ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืขืœื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืœืคื ื™ ืืœืคื™ ืฉื ื™ื.. ,


ืขืœ ื”ืฆืžื—:

ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืงืœืืกื™:

ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืคืœื’ ื’ื•ืฃ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ.

ืžืฉื—ืจืจ ืจื•ื— ื—ื•ื-ืžืจืคื” ืืช ืฉื›ื‘ืช ื”ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื, ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ืชืคื•ืก ื•ื’ื‘ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ.

ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ื—ื•ื ืžื“ื™ื“ ื•ื™ืขื™ืœ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืื‘ื™ ืจืืฉ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ืžืชื—.

ืžืœื—ืœื— ื•ืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื•ืฆืžื ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ, ืืœื” ื”ื ื•ื‘ืขื™ื ืžื—ื•ื ื‘ืงื™ื‘ื”.

ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืคืจื™ื—ื•ืช (ื›ื’ื•ืŸ ื—ืฆื‘ืช), ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ ืฉืœื”ืŸ.

ื™ืขื™ืœ ื›ื ื’ื“ ืฉืœืฉื•ืœ โ€“ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ืจืงืข ื—ื•ื.

ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื” ื‘ื›ืื‘ื™ ืจืืฉ, ืกื—ืจื—ื•ืจื•ืช, ื˜ื™ื ื™ื˜ื•ืก ื•ืชืขื•ืงืช ื—ื–ื” (ื›ื™ื•ื, ืžืฉืžืฉ ื‘ืกื™ืŸ ื›ืชื•ืกืฃ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืœืžื ื™ืขืช ืื ื’ื™ื ื” ืคืงื˜ื•ืจื™ืก ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืœื‘ ืฉื•ื ื•ืช).

ื”ืฆืžื— ื‘ืจืื™ื” ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช ื•ืงืฆืช ืžื—ืงืจื™ื :



ื‘ื™ื“ื•ื“ ืคื™ื•ืจืืจื™ืŸ โ€“ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืื™ืกื•ืคืœืื‘ื ื•ืื™ื“ ื™ื™ื—ื•ื“ื™ ื”ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืฆืžื—:

โ€“ ื‘ืฉื ืช 2012, ื‘ื•ืฆืข, ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ืœืจืคื•ืื” ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื”ืจื•ื•ืืจื“, ืžื—ืงืจ ืขืœ ืชืžืฆื™ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคืงื” ืžืฆืžื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื–ื•, ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื’ืžื™ืœื” ืžืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ. ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ (ื‘ืกืคืจื™ ื”ืคืจืžืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ืช ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื”ื ื’ืื•ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช โ€œื—ืžืจืžื•ืจืชโ€. .). ื”ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ืžืฆืื•, ื›ื™ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื—ืœื” ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ื™ืช ืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ื“ื—ืฃ ืœืฉืชื•ืช (ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ืคืœืกื‘ื• ืฉื ื™ืชื ื”). ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืืœื”, ื”ื ืกื‘ืจื•, ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื™ื ื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™, ื•ืœื›ืŸ, โ€œื”ืกืชืคืงื•โ€ ืื•ืชื ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ืช, ื‘ื”ืฉื•ื•ืื” ืœื–ื• ืฉืฉืชื• ืงื•ื“ื ืœื›ืŸ (ืœืœื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™).

ื›ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื”, ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืžื— ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื•ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื‘ืชื ื•ืขืช ื–ืจื™ืžื” ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื”, ืœืคืœื’ ื’ื•ืฃ ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ (ืžื—ืžื ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ). ื›ืฉืœืงื—ื• ื”ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื ืืช ื”ืฆืžื—, ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืฉืชื™ื” ื”ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœื™ืช, ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื• ืืช ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื’ื ื”ืกืชืคืงื• ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืžืฆื•ืคื”.

ืžื—ืงืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืคื™ื•ืจืืจื™ืŸ ื˜ื”ื•ืจ ืžื”ืฆืžื— ื‘ื•ืฆืข ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืกื™ื ื“ืจื•ื ื”ืžื˜ื‘ื•ืœื™ (ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘


ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืขืจื›ื™ ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื โ€“ ืื™ื ืกื•ืœื™ืŸ ืขื ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื”, ื”ืฉืžื ื” ื‘ื˜ื ื™ืช ื•ื™ืชืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื). ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื•ื›ื™ื—, ื›ื™ ื”ืฆืžื— ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืฉืคืจ ืžื™ืงืจื•ืกืจืงื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ืชืื™ ื”ื“ื ื•ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื•ื‘ื›ืš ืœืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื—ื–ื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืกื™ื ื“ืจื•ื: ื•ื•ื™ืกื•ืช ืจืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื“ื, ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ื™ืชืจ ืœื—ืฅ ื“ื , ื›ื•ืœืกื˜ืจื•ืœ, ื˜ืจื™ื’ืœื™ืฆืจื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืจื˜ื™ื ื•ืคืชื™ื” ืกื›ืจืชื™ืช ื•ื’ืœืื•ืงื•ืžื” (ืœืคื™ ื“ื•ื— ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™).

ื›ืื‘ ืจืืฉ ืžืงื‘ืฆื™ (ืงืœืกื˜ืจ ื”ื“ืืง) โ€“ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืื‘ื™ ื”ืจืืฉ ื”ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืงืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ. ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ืŸ ืœืจื•ื‘, ื‘ื›ืื‘ ืจืืฉ ื˜ืžืคื•ืจืœื™ (ื—ื“ ืฆื“ื“ื™) ื”ื ืžืฉืš ืœืขืชื™ื ืืฃ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช, ืœืœื ื”ืงืœื”.



ืกื™ืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื ืœื•ื•ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื ื”ื: ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื” (ืœืขืชื™ื ืขื“ ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืฉื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ืœื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœืžื™ื), ืงื•ืฉื™ ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™, ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื–ื ื”/ืื›ื™ืœื” ืœืงื•ื™ื” ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”. ืืœื” ื”ืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ืœืขืชื™ื ืืฃ ืื™ื ื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืชืจื•ืคืชื™ ื—ื–ืง ืžืื•ื“ ื•ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื ืคืขื ืœืงื‘ืœ ื—ืžืฆืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื™ื–ื•ืฉื”ื™ ื”ืงืœื”.

ื‘ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืฆืขื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ื ื‘ื“ืง ื”ืฆืžื— ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ื›ืฆืžื— ื‘ื•ื“ื“ ืขืœ ืžื˜ื•ืคืœื™ ื›ืื‘ ืจืืฉ ืžืงื‘ืฆื™. ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื ื”ืจืื•, ื›ื™ ื–ื”ื• ืื—ื“ ื”ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื™ื ืฉื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœื˜ืคืœ ื”ืŸ ื‘ืชื“ื™ืจื•ืช, ื”ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืชืงืฃ ื•ื”ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•, ืœืœื ืชื•ืคืขื•ืช ืœื•ื•ืื™. ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื›ืื‘ ื”ืจืืฉ, ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ื”ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื ื’ื ืขืœ ืคื•ืงื•ืก ื•ืจืื™ื” ื—ื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื›ืŸ, ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื”ืชืงืฃ.




โ€“ Wei syndrome โ€“

ืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืžื— ื”ื™ื ื• ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ โ€œWei syndromeโ€ โ€“ ืกื™ื ื“ืจื•ื (ืกื™ื ื™) ื”ืžืื•ืคื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืชืกืžื™ื ื™ ื˜ื•ื ื•ืก ื ืžื•ืš, ื“ืœื“ื•ืœ ืฉืจื™ืจื™ื, ื’ืžื™ืฉื•ืช ื™ืชืจ, ื•ืื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ืคื™ื™ื. (ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข ืฉื’ื ื”ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืจ ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืžืจื™ื“ื™ืื ื™ ื”ื™ืื ื’ ืžื™ื ื’, ื›ืžื• ื’ื ื”ืฆืžื— ืขืฆืžื• (ืงื•ื“ื–ื•) ื”ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžืจื™ื“ื™ืื ื™ ื”ื˜ื—ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืงื™ื‘ื”).

ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžืขืจื‘ื™ืช, ื™ืชื‘ื˜ื ื”ืกื ื“ืจื•ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื›ืžื•: ืคื•ืœื™ื•, ื˜ืจืฉืช ื ืคื•ืฆื”, ื˜ืจืื•ืžื•ืช ื’ืคื™ื™ื ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืชืกืžื•ื ื•ืช ื’ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืžื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื ื•ืก ื ืžื•ืš ื•ื”ืื˜ื” ื‘ื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ืช.

ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืฆืžื—:

โ€“ ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืงืฆื‘ ืœื‘ ืžื”ื™ืจ ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ืกื“ืจืช ื“ื•ืคืง ืœื ืกื“ื™ืจ.

โ€“ ืžืกื™ื™ืข ื‘ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ื‘ืคืฆื™ืืœื™ืก ื•ืกืคืื–ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืืจ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉ.

โ€“ ืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื ืคื™ื—ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืืฆืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ ื’ืœืื•ืงื•ืžื”.

โ€“ ืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ืืกื˜ืžื”, ื‘ืจื•ื ื›ื™ื˜ื™ืก ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”.

โ€“ ืžื ื˜ืจืœ ืจืขืœื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืช/ืขืงื™ืฆื•ืช ื—ืจืงื™ื.

โ€“ ืžืฉืงื ืืช ื”ืžืขื™ื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื“ื™ื–ื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื” ื•ืฉืœืฉื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ.

โ€“ ืžืขืœื” ืกืคื™ืจืช ื–ืจืข ื•ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืชืคืงื•ื“ ื”ืžื™ื ื™.

โ€“ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื“ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช ืขืœ ืžืฉืง ื”ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื- ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื—ื“, ืœืคื ื•ืช ื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ืขื•ื“ืคื™ื ืฉืžืฆื˜ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžืื™ื“ืš, ืžืœื—ืœื— ื•ืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื™ื•ื‘ืฉ ื•ืฆืžื .

โ€“ ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืžืื•ื“ ื›ืžืกืžื™ืš ืื• ื›ืžืฉืงื” ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืงื‘ื•ืข, ืœืกื•ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืงื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืก, ืงืจื•ื”ืŸ, ืฆืœื™ืืง ื•ืžื—ืœื•ืช ืžืขื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช.

โ€“ ื ืžืฆื ื›ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื”ืจืคืก ื•ืฉืœื‘ืงืช ื—ื•ื’ืจืช ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื—ืœืžืช ืฆืœืงื•ืช.

โ€“ ื›ืœืœื™

ืฉื•ืจืฉ ื”ืงื•ื“ื–ื• ืžื›ื™ืœ ืขืจื›ื™ื ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ืฉืœ ื•ื™ื˜ืžื™ืŸ D ื•- E, ืกื™ื“ืŸ ื•ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื›ืŸ, ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืกื˜ืจื•ื’ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืกื™ื™ืขื™ืื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืขืฆืžื•ืช ื•ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืกืžืคื˜ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืžืœื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ืชืงื•ืคืช ื”ืžื ื•ืคืื•ื–ื”: ื’ืœื™ ื—ื•ื, ืขืฆื‘ื ื•ืช, ื”ื–ืขื•ืช ืœื™ืœื”, ืื™ื ืกื•ืžื ื™ื” ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”.

โ€“ ืžื›ื™ืœ ื“ืื™ื“ื–ืื™ืŸ ื”ื ืงืฉืจ ืœื—ื™ื™ื“ืงื™ื ื”ื™ื“ื™ื“ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื•ื ืžืฆื ื›ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืžืชืงืฉืจ ืœืชืื™ื ืกืจื˜ื ื™ื™ื (ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืกืจื˜ืŸ ื”ืฉื“) ื•ืžื ื˜ืจืœ ืืช ืคืขื™ืœื•ืชื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืžืงืœ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฆืคื™ืคื•ืช ืฉื“ ื“ื—ื•ืกื”, ื•ืžืงืœ ืขืœ ืคื™ื‘ืจื•ื–ื™ืก ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ื—ืœื‘ ื•ืคื•ืชื— ืžืฆื‘ื™ ื“ืœืงื•ืช ืฉื ื•ืฆืจื• ืžื’ื•ื“ืฉ.

ื›ื‘ื•ื ื•ืก

ืžื“ื•ื•ื—ื™ื ื”ืกื™ื ื™ื, ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืจืฉ ืœืžืื›ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข, ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืื—ื“ ื•ืžื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืืช ืคื™ื’ืžื ื˜ ื”ืขื•ืจ, ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืชื• (ื‘ื”ื™ื•ืชื• ืžืœื—ืœื—) ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืฆืžื— ืื ื˜ื™ืื™ื™ื’โ€™ื™ื ื’.

ืžืฉืคืจ ืืช ืžืจืื” ื”ืฉื™ืขืจ ื•ืžื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื (ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืชื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืžืฆื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ืช ื”ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื•).

ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆืจื•ืš ืืช ืฆืžื— ื”ืงื•ื“ื–ื• ื‘ืื‘ืงื” ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื›ืžืกืžื™ืš ืœืžืจืงื™ื ื•ืชื‘ืฉื™ืœื™ื, ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืคื•ืจืžื•ืœืช ืฆืžื—ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉ, ื›ืื‘ืงื” ื˜ื—ื•ื ื”, ืื• ื‘ื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื•ืจื”.

ื‘ืชื–ื•ื ื” ื”ืžื™ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื•ื˜ื™ืช ืžื›ื™ื ื™ื ืžื”ืงื•ื“ื–ื• ืžืฉืงื” ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ืœืžื—ื–ืง, ืžื ืงื”, ืžื˜ื”ืจ ื•ืžืกื“ื™ืจ ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืขื™ื›ื•ืœ ื•ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœืกืคื™ื’ื”.

ืžืฉืงื” ืงื•ื“ื–ื• ื•ืื•ืžื‘ื•ืฉื™

ืžืฆืจื›ื™ื

1 ื›ืคื™ืช ืžืžืจื— ืื•ืžื‘ื•ืฉื™ โ€“ ืžืžืจื— ืฉื–ื™ืคื™ื ื™ืคื ื™

1 ื›ืคื™ืช ืื‘ืงืช ืงื•ื“ื–ื•.

ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื”ื›ื ื”

ืžืขืจื‘ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“ื–ื• ื‘ืจื‘ืข ื›ื•ืก ืžื™ื

ื‘ืกื™ืจ ื ืคืจื“ ืžืจืชื™ื—ื™ื ื›ื•ืก ืžื™ื ื•ืœืื˜ ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืืœื™ื• ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืขื ื”ืงื•ื“ื–ื•.

ืžืจืชื™ื—ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ ืฉื•ื‘ ืขื“ ืœื”ืžืกื” ืžืœืื”.

ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืžื”ืืฉ ื•ื‘ื•ื—ืฉื™ื ืคื ื™ืžื” ืืช ืžืžืจื— ื”ืื•ืžื‘ื•ืฉื™.

ืœืจื•ื•ื™ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช !

  • ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืืžืจ ื–ื”, ืžื”ื•ื•ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ื›ืœืœื™ ื‘ืœื‘ื“. ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื•/ืื• ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœ ืจืคื•ืื™. ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืงืฉื•ืจ ืขื ืชื–ื•ื ื”, ืชื•ืกืคื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ื•ืฆืžื—ื™ื, ืžื•ืžืœืฅ ืœื”ืชื™ื™ืขืฅ ืขื ืื™ืฉ ืžืงืฆื•ืข ืžืชืื™ื (ื‘ืคืจื˜ ืื ื™ืฉื ืŸ ืคืชื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื•ืช ื•ืื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ืื• ืฆืžื—ื™ ืžืจืคื ืื—ืจื™ื).

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